Verbs, adverbs and adjectives

verbs

#kanjikun-yomion-yomi
35入 はいる入るenter, go inにゅうがく入学enrollment
いる入るentering
36出 でる出るleave, get outがいしゅつがい出outing
だす出すto take out
37休 やすむ休すむto restきゅうか休かholiday
38立 たつ立つto stand upりっぱ立ぱsplendid
39見 みる見るto see, to watchけんぶつ見ぶつsightseeing
40生 いきる生きるto live, to existせんせい先生teacher
うまれる生まれるto be bornたんじょうびたん生日birthday
なま生raw, uncooked


adjectives

#kanjikun-yomion-yomi
41早 はやい早いearly; fastそうぞう早々as soon as…
42正 ただしい正しいcorrectせい正logical True
まさに正にexactlyあほうが生がginger
43大 おおきい大きいbigだいがく大学University
おとな大人adultたいしかん大しかんembassy
44小 ちいさい小さいsmallしょうがっこう重学校Elem. school
こねこ小ねこkitty
おがわ小川stream

colors

#kanjikun-yomion-yomi
45白 しろ白whiteはくじん白人caucasian
46赤 あか赤redせきじゅうじ赤十字The Red Cross
47青 あお青blueせいねん青年young man

comments:

  • 面白い (おもしろい, interesting) comes from 面 (おも, face, mask), and 白い (しろい, white), because when we see something interesting, our faces ‘brighten’ or ‘light up’.
  • There are two versions of あお (blue). 靑 (lower portion is 円) is the official entry in the Kangxi dictionary, while 青 (lower portion is 月) is officially allowed in personal names. Both versions are used in Japan. (wikipedia)

あか (red), き (yellow), and あお (blue)

The Japanese color あお (blue) covers more colors than our blue. For example, in Japan the traffic lights are red, yellow, and either green or blue, but regardless of whether it is green or blue, Japanese refer to it as あお. The grass and the sea are also あお [Taekim]. The name for the color green is みどり, though, so a frog would be みどり, not あお, but a green traffic light would be あお, not みどり.

The ‘Rising Sun” flag

On the token of colors, in many countries we draw the sun yellow, but in Japan the sun is drawn red; the national flag symbolizes this: Japan is the country of the ‘Rising Sun’, and its flag is commonly known as the 日のまる (ひのまる), i.e., The circle of the sun.

time

#kanjikun-yomion-yomi
48夕 ゆう夕 eveningいっせき一夕 one evening
49年 とし年 yearさんねん三年three years
50先 さき先 previous, formerせんせい先生teacher

せんせい (teacher) is written ‘先生’, meaning ‘before in life’. This is the same 先 of 先週 (せんしゅう, week before), 先月 (せんげつ, month before), and the ubiquitous 先輩 (せんぱい, someone older or with a higher rank than us) that shows up in every anime that takes place at a school.

space

#kanjikun-yomion-yomi
51上 うえ上 above, up, topじょうず上手skilled
あげる上げるto raise
のぼる上るto ascend/climb
52下 した下 below, down, bottomちかてつち下てつ subway
くださる下さるkindly do for meげた下た wooden shoe
おりる下りるto descend/go down
53中 なか中 inside, center, middleちゅうがく中学middle school
うち中inside, interior
54右 みぎ右 rightうせつ右せつright turn
さゆう左右 left and right
55左 ひあり左 leftさゆう左右 left and right

Vocabulary

These are basic words that use only kanken-10 kanjis:


kanji
入る
入る

入れる
入口

出る
出かける

出す
出きる

出口
出入り口

休む
休み

見る
見える
見せる

学生
りゅう学生
生と

大きな
小さな

おも白い
赤ちゃん

夕べ
先月

お中


kana
はいる
いる

いれる
いりぐち

でる
でかける

だす
できる

でぐち
でいりぐち

やすむ
やすみ

みる
みえる
みせる

がくせい
りゅうがくせい
せいと

おおきな
ちいさな

おもしろい
あかちゃん

ゆうべ
先月

おなか


English
to enter, to go in
entering

put in, insert
entrance (in mouth)

to leave, to exit
to go out on an excursion

to take out
to be able

exit (out mouth)
entrance and exit

to rest
rest, break, vacation

to see, to watch
to be in sight, to appear
to show, to display

student (study life)
overseas student
pupil

big, large, great
small, little, tiny

interesting (face bright)
baby (red chan)

yesterday evening
previous month

belly (respectable middle)