Vocabulary
English
New York
reality, truth
real, true
really, truly
it’s true
hand/s
hand-washing
lavatory
toilet
we/us
our
one person
two persons
my family
your family
to wash
masu (formal)
dict (casual)
-te (imperative)
romaji
niuu-yooku
hon-tou-na
hon-tou
hon-tou ni
hon-tou desu
te
te-arai
o-te-arai
toire
watashi-tachi
watashi-tachi-no
hitori
futari
ka-zoku
go-ka-zoku
arau
araimasu
aratte
kana
ニューヨーク
ほんとうな
ほんとう
ほんとうに
ほんとう です
て
てあらい
おてあらい
トイレ
わたしたち
わたしたちの
ひとり
ふたり
かぞく
ごかぞく
あらう
あらいます
あらって
kanji
本当な
本当
本当に
本当です
手
手あらい
お手あらい
トイレ
私たち
私たちの
一人
二人
Sample sentences
where are your children?
the boy is here.
the boy is not here.
where is your wife?
my wife is here.
my wife is not here.
koーdomo san wa doko ni i-masu ka?
otoko-no-ko wa koko ni i-masu.
otoko-no-ko wa koko ni i-masen.
ka-nai wa doko desu ka?
ka-nai wa koko desu.
ka-nai wa koko ja ari-masen.
Comments
The following comments explain some of the grammar in more detail.
Nouns
otearai – おてあらい, お手あらい
There are many ways to say ‘bathroom’ in English: lavatory, bath-room, rest-room, powder-room, toilet. Japanese is no different; ‘o-te-arai’ (lavatory) and ‘toire’ (toilet) are only two of them.
‘o-te-arai’ means ‘to wash hands’ plus the ‘o-‘ honorific.
hitori, futari – ひとり, ふたり
We saw ‘san-nin’ (three persons) and ‘yo-nin’ (four persons) in lesson 20. These use ‘nin’, the counter for persons. In this lesson we see ‘hitori'(one person) and ‘futari'(two persons), which do not use ‘nin’. As far as person counting, these three words – hitori, futari, and yo-nin (instead of ‘yon-nin’) – are the only exceptions to the rule of attaching the counter to the number of persons:
# persons
how many people?
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
romaji
nan-nin?
hitori
futari
san-nin
yo-nin
go-nin
roku-nin
shichi-nin
hachi-nin
kyuu-nin
juu-nin
kana
なんにん
ひとり
ふたり
さんにん
よにん
ごにん
ろくにん
しちにん
はちにん
きゅうにん
じゅうにん
kanji
何人
一人
二人
三人
四人
五人
六人
七人
八人
九人
十人
In spite of the unusual pronunciation of ‘hitori’ and ‘futari’, which do not use the ‘nin’ suffix, their kanjis do use it.